29 March 2013

My friend Marcin needs your help


http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eBzbF6dVmew/T2tsYk1FtMI/AAAAAAAAAXg/pjn_TzRNBiU/s1600/Marcin.JPG




Like last year, I am writing to you to ask you for help. My friend Marcin is having a very hard time. For the past years he has been fighting with all his strenth against a brain cancer that is leaving him very weak. This is what he wrote to me in one of his latest e-mails,

Hi Dario!
Sorry to have taken time to get back to you. It is only now that I start to feel decent after the last chemo.

It's been over 2 years now and regretfully I am still fighting. In the meantime I've had a couple of metastasis to the right eye orbit and surroundings and in January this year I had 6 new tumors located in the head and brain area. Went through Gamma Knife radiosurgery here in Warsaw, which we had to pay for ourselves since NFZ does not refund this procedure,at least not yet. Lots of hassle and uncertainty at that time, but I hope it will pay off. Additionally we decided on an alternative DCA treatment supervised by a Clinic in Canada. I have been qualified for the treatment and am already in therapy. There is no need to travel to Canada since they provide 24/7 supervision of the treatment as well as all medication needed.
 
It is difficult to say how successful the treatment will be, but we do not want to be reliant on chemo only since it has failed on each occasion. Since I am not working now my workmates wanted to help and signed my up for a Charity that collects money for people in need. If you haven't paid taxes this year I would be  grateful if you could give this 1% of your paid taxes to the specified Charity.
 
Let's keep in touch and I promise to keep you updated.

Thanks a lot!
Marcin


So, if you pay your taxes in Poland, Marcin Kikut will be very grateful if you give your 1% to the organization that is looking after him. Remember that this does not cost you anything at all. 
These are the details,
Numer KRS is 0000270809 ( Avalon Foundation)
Cel szczegółowy dla Marcin Kikut, 1418

16 January 2013

My new book

I am pleased to announce the publication of my new book. Its title is: 


It has taken me several years to complete it, and it is the result of countless hours of reading John Milton´s prose texts and his poems.

John Milton (1608-1674) is one of those authors who do not leave anybody impassive. Anyone who has read any of his poems or prose tracts is likely to either love or hate Milton, but very rarely do his readers remain indifferent to his words. His writings have provoked strong and even contradictory feelings in men, in women, and in entire governments.

The book elaborates in detail on the importance of Milton’s feminine characters in both, his poems and his prose. His approach to the feminine gender in his work is very much defined by the historic moment he lived in and by the religious influence of the Puritan movement he belonged to, with the Bible as his keystone. His approach to the feminine gender and the way he depicts it inspires the reader to analyze every bit of it and to reach individual conclusions even if these are contradictory.

Milton’s approach to religion, poetry, politics, and education make him depict the feminine gender in different ways, and consequently, Milton himself is a catalyst that merges the roles of a poet, a priest, a historian, a politician, and combines other features as well that make of him a literary man whose influence has survived more than four hundred years. His convoluted but sensuous poetry and his bulky but powerful prose have made of him a figure necessary to understand the literature of his time and his influence on those who followed him.

Milton’s readers witness the strong presence of Eve in all his work, but Milton’s faithful readers also notice that she is not the only female character that has something to say. My work has been an attempt to conduct such a faithful scrutiny and elaborate on other feminine characters whose presence is vital for the understanding of Milton’s views on the feminine gender and related issues. More to the point, his other women also share different roles which are extraordinarily powerful and we as readers must analyze every single trait of them and put them together in an attempt to see where Truth lies. From the very beginning of his/her encounter with Milton’s poetic work, the reader is introduced to supernatural female creatures that come from the mythological world to bless the author and to direct him in each of his poems; Milton’s readers notice the strong presence of good and evil biblical female protagonists whose pedagogical role is too strong to be avoided: the goodness and loving examples of Esther, Ruth and Sarah as opposed to the evilness of Dalilah or the sinful Eve.

Milton’s convoluted style does not mean that his readers are not moved into action. Music, rhythm and the power of his feminine characters in unison are strong enough to get inside people’s hearts and move them emotionally. His style and technique shake people’s reasoning faculties and encourage the reader to decide, to gather the scattered pieces of truth that abound in his work and put them together according to their own consciences. His feminine protagonists, no matter whether they are alive, dead, or belong to a superior world, display contradictory features for the sake of shaking people’s consciences.

Milton’s reader becomes Milton’s pupil who is to distinguish between the aesthetic and the didactic elements to get the most out of each poem and tract. Hence, the aesthetic and pedagogical elements hidden in his relationship with his three wives and daughters, the muses, the graces, the goddesses, the virgin Lady, the sirens, Dalilah, Queen Esther, Miss Davies, the nymphs, the Spartan women, Leonora Baroni and Eve have much to do with the reader’s involvement in Milton’s teaching process. Muses and Graces, Serpents and Sirens, virgins wise and pure…, Milton’s other women as well as his countless references to other feminine characters and characteristics are nothing else than scattered pieces of Milton, the teacher’s Truth, that the reader-pupil must put together to reach his/her own conclusions, even if these are contradictory, just like Milton himself.

I hope you enjoy it.

2 January 2013

2013

I´d like to be positive, but the more I watch the news on TV the more I realize that this year is not going to be an easy one. Unemployment seems to be one of the most important problems that we are going to face this year no matter where we live in. If there is unemployment, there is no money and people cannot pay their rents, credits or mortgages. If we cannot pay our debts, we will lose our belongings. If we lose our belongings, we have a problem, a big one, because noone will help us. Banks will keep it all and we will end up with nothing. Banks will not be able to resell all those flats, cars, premises and will lose plenty of money. Consequently, crisis will end up in a megacrisis with no way out. 

Solution: switch off the TV.

24 December 2012

MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY 2013



MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY 2013

Thousands of ways to wish you the best, today and for the rest of your life.

Español - Felices Pascuas y Feliz Año Nuevo
English - Merry Christmas & Happy New Year
Polish - Wesołych Świąt i Szczęśliwego Nowego Roku
Afrikaans - Geseende Kerfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar
Amharic - Melkam Yelidet Beaal
Arabic - I'D Miilad Said ous Sana Saida
 Armenian - Shenoraavor Nor Dari yev Pari Gaghand
Azeri - Tezze Iliniz Yahsi Olsun
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal
Basque - Zorionak eta Urte Berri On!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho
Bohemian - Vesele Vanoce
Brazilian - Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo
Breton - Nedeleg laouen na bloav ezh mat
Bulgarian - Vasel Koleda; Tchesti nova godina!
Catalan - Bon nadal i feliç any nou!
Cantonese - Seng Dan Fai Lok, Sang Nian Fai Lok
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito
Cornish - Nadelik looan na looan blethen noweth
Corsican - Pace e salute
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo 
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko
Croatian - Sretan Bozic
Czech - Prejeme Vam Vesele Vanoce a stastny Novy Rok
Danish - Glaedelig Jul
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak
Dutch - Vrolijk Kerstfeest en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
Egyptian - Colo sana wintom tiebeen
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!  
Espańol - Feliz Navidad y Próspero Ańo Nuevo
Esperanto - Gajan Kristnaskon
Estonian - Rőőmsaid Jőulupühi
Euskera - Zorionak eta Urte Berri On
Faeroese - Gledhilig jol og eydnurikt nyggjar!
Farsi - Cristmas-e-shoma mobarak bashad
Finnish - Hyvää Joulua or Hauskaa Joulua
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar
French - Joyeux Noël et Bonne Année!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en in protte Lok en Seine yn it Nije Jier!
Gaelic - Nollaig chridheil agus Bliadhna mhath
ur
Galician - Bon Nadal e Ano Novo
German - Froehliche Weihnachten und ein gluckliches Neues Jahr!
Greek - Kala Christougenna Kieftihismenos O Kenourios Chronos
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma Barka da Sabuwar Shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka & Hauoli Makahiki Hou
Hebrew - Mo'adim Lesimkha. Shana Tova
Hindi - Shub Naya Baras
Hungarian - Kellemes Karacsonyiunnepeket & Boldog Új Évet
Icelandic - Gledileg Jol og Farsaelt Komandi ar!
Indonesian - Selamat Hari Natal
Iraqi - Idah Saidan Wa Sanah Jadidah 
Irish -Nollaig Shona Dhuit
Italian - Buon Natale e Felice Anno Nuovo
Japanese - Shinnen omedeto. Kurisumasu Omedeto
Jčrriais - Bouan Noué et Bouanne Année
Jiberish -Mithag Crithagsigathmithags
Korean - Sung Tan Chuk Ha
Krio - Appi Krismes en Appi Niu Yaa
Latin - Natale hilare et Annum Nuovo!
Latvian - Prieci'gus Ziemsve'tkus un Laimi'gu Jauno Gadu!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto
Lithuanian - Linksmu Kaledu
Low Saxon -Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar
Macedonian -Streken Bozhik
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal
Malayalam - Puthuvalsara Aashamsakal
Maltese - Nixtieklek Milied tajjeb u is-sena t-tabja!
Mandarin - Kung His Hsin Nien bing Chu Shen Tan
Manx - Nollick ghennal as blein vie noa
Maori - Meri Kirihimete
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh
Mongolian - Zul saryn bolon shine ony mend devshuulye
Norwegian - God Jul og Godt Nyttĺr
Occitan - Polit nadal e bona annada
Oriya - Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa
Papiamento - Bon Pasco
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha.
Pennsylvania German - En frehlicher Grischtdaag unen hallich Nei Yaahr!
Portuguese - Boas Festas e um feliz Ano Novo
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha
Rapa-Nui - Mata-Ki-Te-Rangi.
Te-Pito-O-Te-Henua
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Rumanian - Hristos s-a Nascut si Anul Nou Fericit 
Russian - Pozdrevlyayu s prazdnikom Rozhdestva is Novim Godom
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat
Samoan - La Maunia Le Kilisimasi Ma Le Tausaga Fou
Sardinian - Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou
Scots Gaelic - Nollaig chridheil huibh
Serbian -Hristos se rodi
Serb-Croatian - Sretam Bozic. Vesela Nova Godina
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto.
Somali - ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican. 
Slovakian - Sretan Bozic or Vesele vianoce
Slovak - Vesele Vianoce. A stastlivy Novy Rok
Slovene - Vesele bozicne praznike in srecno novo leto
Spanish - Feliz Navidad y Próspero Ańo Nuevo
Swahili - şKrismas Njema Na Heri Za Mwaka Mpyaş
Swedish - God Jul och Gott Nytt Ĺr
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal 
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Thai - Suksan Wan Christmas lae Sawadee Pee Mai
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Turkish - Noeliniz Ve Yeni Yiliniz Kutlu Olsun 
Ukrainian - Veseloho Vam Rizdva i Shchastlyvoho Novoho Roku!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho
Vietnamese - Chuc Mung Giang Sinh - Chuc Mung Tan Nien
Welsh - Nadolig LLawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi EmnandI Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo Namathamsanqa
Yayeya - Krisema
Yoruba - E ku odun, e hu iye' dun!
Zulu - Sinifesela Ukhisimusi Omuhle Nonyaka Omusha Onempumelelo

26 November 2012

Unforgiven and its audience


A few days ago I watched for the fourth or fifth time one of my favourite films: Unforgiven.

It is one of the very few films that I do not mind watching from time to time because, in my view,the film is a masterpiece.I have written a bit about it, paying special attention to the relation between the film in itself and its audience.

The French cinema critic André Bazin wrote in his book What is cinema? that “The Western is the only genre whose origins are almost identical with those of the cinema itself and which is alive as ever after almost half a century of uninterrupted success.” (Bazin 140). As Bazin died in 1950s, today one may say that Bazin´s words are not up to date as the number of Western films produced in the last years is very small. Besides, to a certain degree, the genre has lost the strength it used to have in the 50s. Like Bazin, other cinema critics have defined Western films in similar ways: “a nostalgic eulogy to the early days of the expansive, untamed American frontier, the borderline between civilization and the wilderness. They are one of the oldest, most enduring and flexible genres and one of the most characteristically American genres in their mythic origins. Their most prolific era was in the 1930s to the 1960s, and most recently in the 90s, there was a resurgence of the genre.” (“Filmsite”, italics added).
In my view, one of the most important Western films that appeared in the 90s and helped resurge the genre was definitely Unforgiven. Easwood´s film is one of the very few examples of the “American genre for excellence” (Heide 36) that succeeded among the vast majority of the public produced in the 90s. Before Eastwood´s hit, people had lost interest in Western films as they did not feel related to the values they transmitted. The ideal life of the colonizers and the idealization of the American myth were not in vogue anymore. Besides, directors such as John Ford or Anthony Mann did not direct anymore and John Wayne, the symbol and key figure of American Western films had died long time ago. Unforgiven appears as a great example of what we might call a second generation of Western films. Besides, one element that makes this film more appealing to its audience is its specific relationship with the public. Let us see how.
The film opens up with a long shot of a man digging his wife’s grave, who has just died of smallpox. Later, in a city named Big Whiskey, Wyoming, two men destroy a prostitute’s face. Little Bill, the sheriff, forces them to pay a fine but the prostitutes do not seem to accept such a petty punishment because Delilah, the hurt prostitute, may not be able to work anymore as a pretty prostitute. The prostitutes decide to collect money and hire a killer to do justice.
            Clint Eastwood, in the role of Munny, is a very unsuccessful farmer who looks after pigs in order to feed his children. One day he accepts The Kid’s offer and decides to convince his long time friend Ned Logan in such an adventure. Munny and Ned join The Kid, a young myopic shooter willing to revive the western shooting myth. It is at this point when Unforgiven becomes more than a Western film as it develops a direct and intimate relationship with its audience. Surprisingly for a Western film, things get ethically complicated for the moral implications of killing people. It is an interesting paradox that a Western film questions the act of killing others and examines the moral consequences of the killers. Perhaps it is because the identification with traditional American values has changed: if there were times when those films referred to freedom, land conquering, independence and even faith, the only factors that remain of this mythical process are negative elements such as the consequence of killing others.
Besides, Unforgiven provokes its audience as far a women is concerned. For example, one can notice classic features in the character of Ned’s wife. She is an Indian, an Indian who does not even say a word and observes stoically how her husband leaves her. In her face one can easily read that she knows her husband will not come back. Moreover, we also see how the role of the prostitutes changes in Unforgiven: they represent strong women who behave like men, hiring killers and fighting against unfairness, which is not a specific element of classic Western films.
Unforgiven also inherits certain features of classical Western films and other features of the ultra violent Western films of the 60s. In the film, the audience is forced to take sides on questions such as who writes the law, who is good and who is bad. According to some critics, these topics are paramount to the understanding of Unforgiven. (Rickman 85-92).  
The structure of the film appears like in a circle: the prologue and the epilogue are similar. All the events in these two points are a flashback in which Munny goes back in time when he left his job as a gunman. Moreover, even though he does not stop repeating all over the film: “I ain´t like that anymore”, the circumstances force him to join a team of unprepared killers in order to get some money. And secure the future of his kids. This factor seems to be strong enough for the audience to believe that he is taking the right decision. It seems to be his only way out to give his children a better life.
Besides, Munny has got problems with women. This is perhaps a constant feature that goes with Eastwood in most of his films, from Pale Rider (1985) to In the Line of Fire (1993) and any of the Western films he takes part in. In Unforgiven he marries a woman who dies soon and then, he develops a short and strange relationship with the beaten prostitute in a sort of father-daughter relationship, an impossible relationship provoked by the constant presence of the ghost of Munny´s wife. In this context, the audience can easily understand Munny´s reluctance to accept the prostitute’s offer to have her services for free. Besides, the audience is invited to perceive Unforgiven as a compilation of stories inside the main story, which contributes to its reflexivity. Munny´s story is a sad one and gets intertwined with that of the prostitutes, Ned’s, Little Bill and The Kid. The same events occur under the same circumstances but different points of view can be observed, which allows the spectator to analyze the characters under different viewpoints.
Moreover, another character that deserves attention is Beauchamp, a weird reporter who writes about the killer English Bob. Myth and reality mix up in Beauchamp’s biography of English Bob to distort true facts and to show his character as a true Western hero.
Besides, Unforgiven´s relationship with its audience becomes even closer when one takes a look at the way ethnic minorities are shown. The film presents minorities as an excellent argument to develop a story: the prostitutes fight against the unfairness of the totalitarian sheriff, represented by Little Bill. Afro-Americans are represented by Ned, Munny´s best friend. Native Americans are of course represented by Ned’s wife, who appears very little as Clint Eastwood main aim, according to some authors, is not that of talking about the injustice they suffered (Beard 46) but to ensure a brighter future for his children. The relationship of a Western film like this one with its specific audience becomes richer that ever when fiction and reality intertwine and become a negotiation of signifiers depending on the point of view of each character. For example, Munny´s memories of a harsh society do not coincide with The Kid’s desires to live a typical Western killer story. This element is very well represented by The Kid’s myopic vision as he is unable to see the reality to the full and gets only a limited version of what happens around him. Another limited version of reality is that of the sheriff, who hires the journalist to alter his own reality, which will fall down like his own house. Also, it is ironic that the village where all the events take place is Big Whiskey, the typical drink of Western films when the main character is in the bar.
Irony also plays a major role in the film. For example, when English Bob and Little Bill talk about an event that occurred long time ago, the terms “The Duke of Death” and “The Duck of Death” get confused. Also, the joke about “Two gun Corcoran”, which does not refer precisely to fire guns. Besides, the character of Beauchamp is, by far, the more reflexive character of the film. He may well represent those who built the Western myth and whose days are coming to an end.
Given the factors above, some authors consider important to raise certain questions such as: who is the hero, Munny or Little Bill? Who imposes law? Does Munny decide to finish the job for money to feed his sons or to revenge his friend? (Rickman 1998, 85-92) and those are questions that the audience is invited to wonder.
Moreover, Unforgiven has, at least, two different readings: on the one hand one can notice the classic Eastwood in the photograph, the countryside, the general views and the lineal narration of its integral part. On the other, one can also notice that there is a different Eastwood who reinterprets all the features of the traditional hero, depicting him like an old man who shoots a bottle unsuccessfully to end up with a shooting scene that may bring us to memory the best John Wayne’s shooting abilities.
Besides, even the title may disguise as its audience. Should we forgive Munny and justify his acts? Should we condemn him for risking his children’s future without a father? It is ironic that Easwood´s reflexion on violence and its consequences are analyzed through a Western film, a violent genre by definition. Either way, Unforgiven is more than a typical Western film because of its relationship with its audience and the way it is encouraged to shake its conscience.



                                     WORKS CITED
Bazin, Andre. What is Cinema? London: University of California Ltd. 2005.
Beard, William. Persistence of Double Vision. Essays on Clint Eastwood. Alberta, Canada: The Universe of Alberta Press. 2000.
“Filmsite”. 25 November 2012. <http://www.filmsite.org/westernfilms.html>.
Heide, William. Border Crossings and National Cultures. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2002.
Rickman, Gregg. The Western Reader. Limelight Editions (1998): 85-92, New York.



3 November 2012

Chaplin, Dickens and Cervantes: plenty in common



“Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up but a comedy when seen in long shot”, used to say Chaplin (Internet Source 1). More than thirty years after his death he still remains one of the most important cinema icons of all times. His biographers say that when Chaplin was a little boy he decided to be a comic after observing his mother representing theatre scenes while he was sick in bed. In 1912 he went to the USA and became the first actor to appear in Time magazine (1925) becoming the biggest cinema icon in the world. His political inclinations crashed against the Committee of Anti-American Activities, that saw in Modern Times (1936) and The Great Dictator (1940) communist content. In addition, his marriages to very young women caused him much trouble against the establishment. His life always had a tragicomic misfortune even after his death.  On 3rd March, 1978 his body was taken from the local cemetery and found two months later.

Chaplin´s career and films have been analysed in many different ways and this longish entry will be just a humble attempt to explore, to a certain degree, the comic element in Chaplin´s films as far as serious matters is concerned. However, as the topic is too broad, I will stick to certain elements that Chaplin shares with Dickens and Cervantes. Certainly, Chaplin´s childhood very well may contain features of Charles Dickens´ portrayals of a hopeless and poor England where kids had nothing to eat spiced up with elements that could have been easily taken from Cervantes´s Don Quixote. This link between Chaplin, Cervantes and Dickens is not new and many cinema critics have long reached the conclusion that “Chaplin´s slapstick is rooted in a venerable tradition, of the sort that appeared in Aristophanes, Cervantes, Shakespeare and Goethe” (Maland 59, italics added). Besides, other critics believe that “Chaplin’s Dickens was the Dickens of Oliver Twist which he read and re-read constantly”, the “grotesque and emotional parable of institutional oppression, childish vulnerability, urban crime, maternal yearning, and hunger” symbolized in the well-known utterance: ´Please, sir, I want some more´”. (Internet Source 2). 

This double influence to deal with serious matters such as poverty, sickness and orphanhood can be well represented in Chaplin´s The Kid (1922), a mixture of drama, melodrama or both genres mixed together. According to its etymology, the word melodrama comes from the Greek words, melos (song with music accompaniment) and drama. Some dictionaries define melodrama as a “drama represented with music instruments” and “A drama, such as a play, film, or television program, characterized by exaggerated emotions, stereotypical characters, and interpersonal conflicts.”(Internet Source 3). In Chaplin´s depiction of serious matters, melodramatic music certainly has a great deal of importance.

Like Chaplin, Dickens was very popular in his time, and perhaps cinema would have treated Dickens the way it treated Chaplin. Indeed, both masterminds share certain features in this respect. For a start, many see in Chaplin´s films a way to denounce the social situation of his country. Likewise, Dickens’s denouncing words against the harsh life conditions of the poor in the Victorian times was his constant motto. (Usandizaga 586). Also, Chaplin´s silent films, ironically, were a perfect way to communicate with his audience with the same strength Dickens wrote his stories, who “never doubted that fiction above all things involved communication” (Sucksmith 15). Besides, both Chaplin and Dickens give special importance to the characters of their works. In Dickens´ books, one notices that his characters have got strong features defining either virtuous characters or very perverse ones; this is perhaps a necessary melodramatic element with much sentimentalism; however, in Dickens, this element is paramount to reach the reader. Hence, “characters must make an impact on the reader, an impact which narrows down to a specific emotional effect.” (Sucksmith 15). In the case of Oliver Twist, his character comes from the allegorical tradition of medieval drama with simple features that provoke in the reader either hatred or love, a creation of characters, environments and situations more allegorical that realists, more dramatic that taken from the novels.

Besides, melodrama becomes a paramount feature to the treatment of serious matters. Dickens himself mentions in Oliver Twist chapter 17 how to create a good melodrama: “It is the custom on the stage, in all good murderous melodramas, to present the tragic and the comic scenes, in as regular alternation, as the layers of red and white in a side of streaky bacon.” (Internet Source 4). This is precisely the same strategy Chaplin uses to show that his character is poor, sick, lonely or in real trouble. He alternates comic scenes with tragic ones to attract the audience´s attention. Besides, it is important to remember that the melodramatic aspect has been especially related to Western literature since the 18th century and with the advent of novel. Dickens denounces the unfairness of the Victorian times at a time when the British Empire ruled the world but its inhabitants did not have much to eat. His novels show the contrasts between the reality of his society and the imperialism. He had regular readers who followed his work because he knew how to reach their hearts with the use of a good plot. “Plot exists for the sake of the effect it produces” (Sucksmith 19). In Dickens, we perceive plots related to childhood, social Darwinism, London mafia and urban life, always to denounce the social reality of his times. In Chaplin, we notice that his plots very often deal with the same motifs: disgraceful childhood, harsh social conditions and urban life. In his case, his work caused him trouble while living in America and he decided to leave the USA in 1952 after being persecuted by the Commission of Anti-American Activities promoted by Senator Mc Carthy. Once in Europe, he sent a telegram to the president of the Commission stating: “I am just a freedom fighter” (Gubern 303). Certainly, he showed his interest for freedom while directing films such as The Kid (1921), Modern Times (1936), The Great Dictator (1940), all examples of his profound humanism while being very critical with his own society.

Besides, both Dickens and Chaplin share the same ability to develop their plots from a childish and spontaneous ability, to tell stories in order to take the childish feelings of their audiences. The Kid may be a direct referent to Oliver Twist in the plot, the features of the characters and the way they deal with serious matters. Both authors manage to reach their audiences from melodrama through the use of irony.

Moreover, not only can we find similarities of Chaplin´s work in Dickens´ books. We can also notice how the most well-known scenes of Cervantes´ Don Quixote can easily remind us of Chaplin´s films. For example, in chapter 8 of Don Quixote (Internet Source 5) we read about the story of Don Quixote fighting with the mills as if they were giants. This is a real Chaplinesque scene in its entirety. Well, or rather the other way round: it is a fantastic Quixotic scene.The narrator describes perfectly the landscape, the situation and the plot using visual metaphors so that anybody, even children, can perfectly visualize the battle against the mills. This scene, extremely funny for the superficial reader, is very sad as it shows the weird behaviour of an old anti-hero dressed in his heavy armour fighting against huge mills that he has taken for giant foes. One can easily imagine Chaplin with his big shoes, his cane, his moustache, dressed in black and riding a thin white horse while galloping towards the huge mills that he has mistaken for giants who want to take away his son from him (like the scene of The Kid when the social workers arrive in Chaplin´s flat to take the boy away from him).

Moreover, we can notice another Chaplinesque scene in chapter 16 of Don Quixote. The event takes place in La Venta or a big restaurant surrounded by huge mills. Here, Don Quixote thinks the restaurant is a castle. Suddenly, a pretty young lady (like the one who appears in Chaplin´s films) comes out to greet him and he takes her for a princess in trouble. Don Quixote enters the castle, eats and goes to sleep. That night, in complete darkness, the young lady tries to find her bed but, by mistake, goes directly to Don Quixote´s. The situation becomes even more Chaplinesque when he believes the girl is the lady of the castle who has fallen in love with him! An entire succession of misunderstandings goes on until the girl shouts, her father comes in and Don Quixote is badly beaten. Then, when he falls asleep, he dreams of the days he was younger and unbeatable. This dream may well resemble any of Chaplin´s scenes where he dreams of past or future events, such as the heaven scene in The Kid. Here Chaplin is taken into another world were he can fly and is happy. Somehow, both cases depict a story inside the main story and the main characters are transported to different worlds as an escape of their own troublesome reality.

In conclusion, apart from the melodramatic music Chaplin uses to accompany sad scenes, in his films we see how he deals with serious matters using some of the strategies Dickens and Cervantes used in their books, which makes his work more universal and loved by almost everybody. Besides, they also make good use of picaresque elements in their works, they communicate perfectly with their audiences, they pay special attention to their main characters, they use other melodramatic features to enrich other scenes / chapters spiced up with a great dose of irony, they alternate comic elements with sad ones and finally, they use visual metaphors to deal with complicated and serious social issues.

   
                                     LIST OF WORKS CITED

Primary Sources:
Maland, J. Charles. Chaplin and American Culture. Princeton: New Jersey, 1989.

Secondary Sources:
Gubern, Roman. Historia del Cine. Barcelona: Editorial Lumen. 1995.
Sucksmith, Harvey Peter. The Narrative Arts of Charles Dickens. The Rhetoric of Sympathy an Irony in his Novels. London: Oxford University Press.1970.
Usandizaga, Aranzazu. Dickens en Lecciones de Literatura Universal. Siglos XII a XX, edición de Jordi Llovet, Madrid. Cátedra, 1996: 583-596.

Internet Sources:
  1. http://www.charliechaplin.com/. 28 Oct. 2012
  2. http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/conference/pdf/chaplin-abstracts.pdf. 30 Oct. 2012
  3. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/melodrama. 27 Oct. 2012.
  4. http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/dickens/oliver-twist/17/. 28 Oct. 2012
  5. http://www.elmundo.es/quijote/capitulo.html?cual=8. 25 Oct. 2012

7 September 2012

The Piccadilly Circus murderer

 I have just written a crime short story. I hope you like it.


THE PICCADILLY CIRCUS MURDERER


She lay propped up by pillows as her husband burst into the room to soothe his sore throat with a sherry. The window was half-opened and he could easily hear the paperboy reading aloud the newspaper headline: "Dead banker in Piccadilly Circus. Puzzled police call detective Clemont Turpin".

After gulping down his sherry, he stared at his wife and said:
"Mon amour, how is it possible they know faster than me?"
And Colette replied: "That is because since Hercule Poirot got retired, the British chief inspector depends on you to solve his most complicated cases."

Suddenly, there was a knock at the hotel door. The knock was so light that Clemont did not hear it, and after a little while, a noise like a bang was heard. Clemont was approaching the door when he noticed that a man in his thirties was actually entering their hotel room. In panic, Clemont fetched the blue vase from the small brownish table near the door and broke it in the head of the man. The man was so well- built that he barely felt the vase in his head and shouted:
"Please, do not hurt me. I need to talk to you."

Clemont grasped him from the right arm in an attempt to retain him but by the time he realised, Clemont was already on the floor, completely immobilized. The man, speaking nervously and not willing to hurt him, repeated:
"Please, please, I do not want to hurt you. I just want to talk to you. The police is looking for me. They think I am the Piccadilly Circus murderer but I am not."

The man helped Clemont to stand up. Walking briskly, Clemont got into the room and gulped another sherry. The man followed him inside; he looked pale, scared, confused, and even terrorized. He looked as though all those accusations were too much for him, impossible to bear.
Colette, who had been observing all from a distance, invited him to sit down. Her voice was very fine, rounded and soft at the same time. She did not look scared. Actually, she seemed to have all under control.

"Take a sit, young man, requested Colette. Why did you break into our hotel room and what is all that story that the police think you are the Piccadilly Circus murderer, she interrogated him."
The young man gave a deep breath and with certain nervousness in his voice, he uttered:
"Monsieur Turpin, you are the only one who can help me. They blame me for killing the banker but I only broke into his home. When I got inside, he was already dead. And if I just broke into your room is because I thought you were not in.

"Yes, I can see you are very good at your job," Turpin interrupted him ironically.
"Monsieur, the young man continued, "I simply wanted to leave you a note that explains everything."
Colette, holding the note very carefully with two fingers, began to read:
Dear Monsieur Turpin,
My name is Frank but everybody call me "the Knife"
because it is what I use to break into peoples´ houses.
I am a thief but not a murderer. I have never killed
anybody in my life. I did not kill the banker who
died yesterday night. The police want to blame me.
I need your help.

Colette observed her husband gulping down another sherry. She gave a soft laugh.
Suddenly, somebody rang at the door. Clemont stared at his wife in despair and, without losing her temper, she ordered Frank to get into the wardrobe near the sofa where Clemont was holding his empty glass. As he was opening the wardrobe door, a small piece of paper slipped down off his pocket to a black rug. Clemont approached the door and opened it.

"Monsieur Turpin!"
"Monsieur Brown! What a nice surprise. "Colette", said Clemont aloud, "the chief inspector is here. Please, come in. Would you like a sherry?"
"Oh yes", he replied with a soft and typical British accent, "I always loved that French sherry of yours."

Colette kissed the chief inspector in both cheeks and he sat down in the same chair Frank the Knife had sat down a few minutes earlier.
"Monsieur Turpin," said the inspector, "the reason why I am here is because I need you to help me find the Piccadilly Circus murderer. All traces point at a man called Frank the Knife, who was seen near the crime scene last night. We believe he is the one who committed such an abominable crime and I am sure that when we find him, we will be able to discover the truth."
While Turpin was serving the inspector a sherry, Colette stood up and closed the window. She noticed there was a small piece of paper in the black rug and bent down to pick it up. It was the paper that had dropped from Frank's pocket.

Frank was still inside the wardrobe without making a noise. His heart was beating up so fast that he could even hear the pumping of it. He tried to calm down by breathing slow and deep but it did not help much. He knew that the slightest noise would give him away and the chief inspector would put him behind bars. He closed his eyes and cleaned the sweat of his forehead with one of Colette's polo necks that were hanging down inside the wardrobe.

Colette unrolled the paper and read it. Her exhilaration turned into despair after reading its content. This time, it was Colette who needed a sherry.
"Mon amour, would you serve me a sherry, please?", asked Colette while she was pushing the piece of paper carefully into her pinkish dressing gown pocket.
"But you barely drink alcohol," said Turpin while frowning his forehead.
"Well, here you are mon amour," said Turpin. Colette sat down in the sofa, sipped the sherry and rolled her glass between her hands.

While the chief inspector was talking about the details of the murder, Turpin noticed that Colette looked puzzled, as if she was not in the room with them. He knew very well Colette only drank alcohol in very specific circumstances but he did not ask her anything. After a few seconds, she asked the inspector:
"Monsieur Brown, why are you so sure that Frank the Knife committed those crimes?"
"Yes, Why are you so sure?", repeated Turpin.
"Well Monsieur Turpin, the banker was stubbed to death with the same kind of knife Frank uses to break into peoples´ flats," replied the inspector.
"I see," said Turpin.
"And how do you know what they look like?", queried Colette.
"Yes, Monsieur Brown. How do you know?", repeated Turpin in a parrot-like way.
"Err, well, because we found one of his knives near the window of the crime scene", answered the inspector.

Suddenly, a noise coming from inside the wardrobe was heard. Turpin looked at his wife but Colette behaved as if nothing had happened and offered the inspector another sherry. Turpin promptly asked for another sherry too and said:
"There is nothing like a good sherry when problems arise, right Monsieur Brown?"
"Certainly Monsieur Turpin. By the way, what time is it? I must go to the crime scene again because I left a document there", said the inspector.
Colette, rather flabbergasted by his question, kept pensive.
"It is ten o'clock", replied Turpin.

"Do not leave us yet, Monsieur Brown", Colette grimaced while she was looking at her husband with a slight smile in her face. "Perhaps it may not be necessary to go to the crime scene". She stood up, put the empty glass on the table and sentenced with her peculiar soft but muscular voice:
"The murderer is in this room. Am I right, mon amour?", asked Colette to her husband.

Confused but knowing that she had found out who committed the crime, replied:
"Oui, err, yes. There is not need to go and look into this matter anymore."
A creaky noise came out of the wardrobe. Frank's heart took a sudden leap and almost stopped beating. Losing consciousness, he leaned over the wardrobe door and his body fell to the ground nearly hitting the inspector's new black shoes. The chief inspector froze to death. He could not believe his eyes. Frank the Knife was just there, unconscious.

The inspector blinked his eyes, feeling a sudden impulse to attack him before he was attacked by Frank. However, the inspector stood up, opened the window and waved at two of the policemen who were waiting for him outside. They came into the hotel room with their weapons in their hands ready to use them but Turpin said:
"Please, there is no need to shoot anybody."

In that moment, Frank regained consciousness feeling groggy and weak but managed to make his way to the window in an attempt to jump and escape from the chief inspector. When he realized that if he jumped out of the window he would certainly die, he looked back. Turpin, putting on an expression of reflexion, took a thin and long French cigarette out of a silver cigarette box case and lit it. Then he said:
"Please, sit down all of you. I mean, all of you except you two", he added while pointing at the two policemen who had just arrived.

Frank sat, then the chief inspector. Colette looked proud of her husband. She liked how he was taking control of the situation and then Turpin demanded:
"Mon amour, please enlighten us with the truth. Tell these gentlemen who killed the banker at Piccadilly Circus", said Turpin quite enthusiastically.

Then Colette, with a smile in her face, stood up and made her way to the tiny Italian chest of drawers that she had bought in Venice last summer while her husband helped the Italian police solve a case. She opened it and took out another bottle of sherry.

"Mon amour, please, would you like to treat our guests with this superb French sherry?"
"Oui Colette. You do have style", replied an obliging Turpin.

Frank took a gulp of the best sherry he had ever tried in his life. So did the inspector. Turpin offered the two policemen the sherry too but, rather saddened by the presence of their boss, they declined the offer. Everybody seemed baffled except Turpin, who looked terribly pleased with himself.

Very well, said Colette. This morning this man, pointing at Frank the Knife, broke into our hotel room because he wanted to leave a note to my husband. By the immaculate way Frank managed to break into our room he proved to be very good at his profession. He is an excellent thief, a consummate crook, a man who can break into people's homes with a small knife. But this man is unable to kill anybody.

Frank nodded happily. Turpin hesitated trying to choose his words and eventually he said:
"That is very much correct, mon amour. He had the possibility to kill me if he had wished to do so but he did not because he is not that kind of person. He wants easy cash and anything valuable he can steal from others. Carry on, mom amour", said to Colette.

"Thank you dear. Then, when the door rang, I guessed it would be the police and I asked Frank to hide in the wardrobe in order to avoid confrontations with you, monsieur Brown."
"Monsieur Turpin", interrupted the inspector. "Frank the Knife is a very dangerous crook and we should take him to the police station right away."
"Monsieur Brown, Frank is too scared to make a move. Please, allow my wife to carry on."
Colette, directing her words to the inspector said:
"When Frank was getting into the wardrobe, a piece of paper dropped out of his pocket. Then I read it and all became as clear as crystal."
"What was it?" asked the inspector.
"Do you really want to know?", asked Turpin
"Err, yes", the chief detective replied hesitatingly.
"Mon amour, tell him", requested Turpin.

Colette produced the piece of paper out of her pocket and unfolded it. It was the same document the chief inspector had left in the banker's house. The very same document that Frank the Knife had found at the crime scene and dropped when he got in the wardrobe.

CLYDESDALE BANK
35 Regent Street
Piccadilly Circus
London
SW1Y 4ND
19th November 1930
Please pay to :
Mr. Mortimer Brown the amount of 15.000 pounds---------------------
Signed
ﭺﭮﭩ  
Jean Pierre Berguez
GENERAL DIRECTOR

The chief inspector turned pale. The sense of frustration and inarticulateness was agony to him. He himself filled up his glass with more than a dash of sherry and downed it at once.
Turpin´s eyes glistened in his rounded face, and directing his voice to the two policemen who were still holding their weapons in their hands, he said:
"Gentlemen, arrest the chief inspector for the murder of the banker. Monsieur Brown, you murdered the banker."

A cold long silence filled up the entire room. The two policemen looked at each other not knowing what to do. Colette looked at her husband with pride. Then Frank the Knife had a fit of the giggles and broke the deadly silence by saying:
"I never expected you to find out who the murderer was so fast, monsieur Turpin."
Colette's face was either smiling or frowning but she kept quiet.

In despair, the chief inspector made his way to the window, opened it and jumped to the ground. In unison, the two policemen, Colette, Turpin and even Frank the Knife leaned out of the window just to see the dead body of the chief inspector lying down in the ground. A thin line of blood was coming out of his left ear.

Frank the Knife, relieved by all that had happened, asked Turpin:
"How did you know he committed the crime?"
And before he could open his mouth, Colette replied:
"When the inspector asked what time it was, I realized he was not wearing the gold watch with diamonds he had bought in Paris last summer. He never took it off. Not even in the bath. Actually he mentioned once something that I still remember by heart: "I will wear this watch till the end of my days'. It suddenly dawned on me that perhaps, due to his current financial situation, he went to the banker's house, forced him to fill out the cheque and then when he heard noises coming from the entrance door because you were breaking into the house, the inspector killed the banker and ran away."

Looking at Frank and without letting Colette carry on, Turpin added:
"You were in the wrong place at the wrong time and the chief inspector found in you the perfect culprit."
Turpin smiled. Colette approached him and, while kissing him in the cheek, she whispered:
"I am very proud of you."

Then she looked back over her shoulders and saw the two policemen and Frank leaving the hotel room.

THE END
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